HARYANA
Particulars
|
Description
|
Area
|
44,212 sq. km
|
Population
|
2,53,53,081 *
|
Capital
|
Chandigarh
|
Principal
Languages
|
Hindi
|
* As per 2011 Census
(Provisional Data)
History
and Geography
Haryana has a proud
history going back to the Vedic Age. The State was the home of the legendary
Bharata dynasty, which has given the name Bharat to India. Haryana finds
mention in the great epic of Mahabharata. Kurukshetra, the place of the
epic battle between the Kauravas and the Pandavas, is situated in Haryana. The
State continued to play a leading part in the history of India till the advent
of the Muslims and the rise of Delhi as the imperial capital of India.
Thereafter, Haryana functioned as an adjunct to Delhi and practically remained
anonymous till the First War of India's Independence in 1857. When the
rebellion was crushed and the British administration was re-established, the
Nawabs of Jhajjar and Bahadurgarh, Raja of Ballabgarh and Rao Tula Ram of
Rewari of the Haryana region were deprived of their territories. Their
territories were either merged with the British territories or handed over to
the rulers of Patiala, Nabha and Jind. Haryana thus became a part of the Punjab
province. With the reorganisation of Punjab on 1 November 1966, Haryana was
made into a full-fledged State.
The State is bound by
Uttar Pradesh in the east, Punjab in the west, Himachal Pradesh in the north
and Rajasthan in the south. The National Capital Territory of Delhi juts into
Haryana.
Agriculture
Agriculture is the
mainstay of more than 65 per cent population in Haryana with the second largest
contribution to the food bowl of the country. Under the diversification of
crops, more and more area is being brought under cash crops like sugarcane,
cotton and oilseeds, vegetable and fruits. Sustainable agriculture is being
promoted through the propagation of resource conserving technologies and
organic farming. Dhaincha and Moong have also been encouraged to maintain soil
fertility.
Education
Haryana is shaping into
a modern Takshila. Making elementary education available at reachable distance
to all children, and opening/bringing a large number of institutes of higher
learning, offering global standard education. According to 2001 census, the
literacy rate in Haryana is 67.91 per cent against the all India literacy rate
of 65.38 per cent. Haryana's female literacy rate is 55.73 per cent and male
literacy rate is 78.49 per cent.
Health
The healthcare has been
mad both affordable and reachable by setting up a state-wide network of
district and sub-divisional hospitals. These are being beefed up with staff and
equipment and deficiencies in referral services are being removed. The
state-wide network of health centres includes 52 hospitals, 94 community health
centres, 441 primary health centres, 2,465 sub-centres, 15 district TB Centres,
639 Ayurvedic, Homeopathy and Unani Centres, 16 urban health posts, the
Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research at Rohtak, and Medical
Colleges at Agroha (Hisar) and Mullana (Ambala). Besides, as many as 516
Delivery Huts have been set up to provide delivery services in clean and
hygiene environment. Major infrastructural improvements are being made to
upgrade the existing health institutions to the Indian Public Health standards.
Information
Technology
Releasing the
importance of Information Technology in the globalized world, the State
Government has formulated an IT Policy which provides several incentives for
setting up Technology Parks, Cyber Cities, IT corridors and ITES industry in
the State. Haryana has emerged as a preferred investment destination for IT
industry as well. Out of the total 46 SEZs are formally approved for the state,
35 are in the IT sector. Of these, three IT SEZs are in an advanced stage of
completion. In addition, the state has okayed 33 professionals for setting up
IT/Cyber Parks. The software exports from Haryana now aggregated Rs.21,000
crore.
Industry
The investment and
industry-friendly policies pursued by the state government have made Haryana
the cynosure of all investing eyes, and put the state on threshold of
industrial revolution. Small wonder then, that there are more than 1,354 large
and medium and 80,000 small-scale units dotting the industrial landscape in the
state. Haryana today is the largest producer of passenger cars, tractors,
motorcycles, bicycles, refrigerators, scientific instrument, etc. Besides, it
is the largest exporter of basmati rice. Panipat handlooms and carpets are
known all over world besides its lip-ticking Panchranga Achaar.
Irrigation
The 1,429-strong
network of canals constitutes the bedrock of the irrigation system in Haryana
with 6.83 lakh tubewells and pumpsets playing no mean role. 1,92,980 hectare of
land is under agriculture in the state. Starting with 20,000 tubewells in 1966,
the state had 4.91 lakh tubewells in March, 2010. The major irrigation projects
in the state are western Yamuna Canal System, Bhakra Canal System and Gurgaon
Canal System. Giving practical shape to the lift irrigation system for the
first time in India, Haryana has raised water from lower levels to higher and
drier slopes through JLN canal project. Haryana is a beneficiary of the
multi-purpose project in Sutlej and Beas sharing benefits with Punjab and
Rajasthan.
Power
The first state in the
country to have achieved hundred per cent rural electrification way back in
1970, Haryana is well on way to becoming power surplus from a power deficit
state. The total installed generation capacity available with Haryana is
5801.82 MW. Out of this, the Haryana Power Generation Corporation Limited has
an installed generation capacity of 3230.5 MW, comprising 1367.8-MW Panipat
Thermal Power Station, Panipat; 1200-MW Rajiv Gandhi Thermal Power Project,
Hisar, 600 MW Deen Bandhu Chhotu Ram Thermal Power Project, Hisar; and 62.7-MW
WYC Hydro Electric Station, Yamuna Nagar. The balance comes from Haryana's
share in the central sector generating stations and from long-term power
contracts.
Transport
Road and rail transport
are the main carriers of passengers traffic in Haryana with aviation too
playing a small role. Haryana is one state where all villages are linked with
metalled roads. The length of the roads in the state is more than 35,303 km.
Haryana Roadways number of buses is 3246.
Then, railways play an
important role in carrying both inter-state and intra-state passengers. Kalka,
Ambala, Kurushetra, Panipat, Rohtak, Jind, Hisar and Jakhal are important
railway stations. There is railway workshop at Jagadhari. Aviation too plays
its role. There are civil aerodromes at Pinjore, Karnal, Hisar, Bhiwani and
Narnaul.
Tourist
Centres
A pioneer in highway
tourism, Haryana has set up a vast network of 43 tourist complexes all over the
state. Having 846-roomed accommodation in the various outfits, Haryana Tourism
attracts 63 lakh tourists every year. The State Government has adopted a
multi-pronged strategy to promote tourism. Tourist complexes have been set at
strategic points along the highways passing through the state and tourist
complexes have been developed around Delhi with the intent of promoting leisure
tourism and conference tourism.
Besides, tourist
facilities have been set up at the district headquarters, and in important
towns, to cater to the needs of tourists and local people. Some of the
important tourist complexes are: Surajkund and Damdama in Gurgaon and
fascinating pocket of pines at Morni Hills are other attractions of tourist
interest. The other important resorts are Ethnic India Rai, Blue Jay
(Samalkha), Skylark (Panipat), Karna Lake and Oasis (Uchana), Parakeet (Pipli),
Kingfisher (Ambala), Magpie (Faridabad), Dabchick (Hodal), Shama (Gurgaon),
Jungle Babbler (Dharuhera), Gauriyya (Bahadurgarh). Myna (Rohtak), Blue Bird
(Hisar), Red Bishop (Panchkula) and Pinjore Gardens, (Pinjore).
The famous Surajkund
Crafts Mela is held every year in the month of February to promote the art and
culture. Similarly, the Pinjore Heritage Festival is celebrated every year to
promote the ancient heritage of Pinjore.
Districts
21 districts
Governor : H.E.Sh. Jagannath
Pahadia
Chief Minister : Bhupinder Singh Hooda
No comments:
Post a Comment